APOE gene rs429358 and rs7412 that are involved in the Amyloid plaque formation Only clinical and neuropsychological assessment are repeated yearly in order to evaluate progression of decline.BDNF SNP Val66Met (valine-methionine substitution) was already associated with poorer episodic memory and abnormal hippocampal activation assayed with MRI.In particular, will be analyzed three different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): ![]() ![]() Moreover, all patients will undergo a CSF analysis to assess established biomarkers (Aβ42, total tau, p-tau) and blood samples for DNA analysis will be collected to identify the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genotypes. The aim of this study is to evaluate, through machine learning tools, the accuracy of clinical data, neuropsychological assessment, personality traits, cognitive reserve, genetic factors, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurodegeneration biomarkers and features from EEG and event-related potentials (ERP) in predicting conversion from SCD condition, to Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and AD.Īll participants will undergo a comprehensive familial and clinical history, general and neurological examination, extensive neuropsychological battery (about 19 tests exploring all cognitive domains: memory, attention, executive functions, language, praxis), estimation of premorbid intelligence (TIB - Test di Intelligenza Breve, an Italian version of the National Adult Reading Test - NART), personality traits (Big Five Factors Questionnaire - BFFQ), and leisure activities evaluation (structured interviewed regarding participation in intellectual, sporting and social activities) as well as assessment of depression (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - HDRS). With this tool clinicians could design optimal screenings to predict, already at the stage of SCD, possible evolutions of the patient's conditions, and, through decisional protocols, establish the degree of appropriateness of the investigations/exam to perform for each patient, based on current state of risk. Machine learning algorithms offer a method of detection that may provide an automated process and valuable insights into diagnosis and classification. Such detection has traditionally been performed manually by one or more clinicians based on reports and test results. The advantages of detection of cognitive impairment at the early stages are critical. Starting from these data the aim of the present study is to increase the number of variables collected on SCD subjects and expand the clinical follow-up to delineate more accurate pathway of disease and to identify very early subject at risk of conversion in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The Regional Reference Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Disorders of Careggi Hospital, Florence, started about 25 years ago to collect clinical, neuropsychological, personality and lifestyles data for patients with of Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD). The aim of this study is to evaluate, through machine learning tools, the accuracy data, neuropsychological assessment, personality traits, cognitive reserve, genetic factors, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurodegeneration biomarkers, EEG and Event Related Potential recordings in predicting conversion from SCD condition, to Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and AD. ![]() SCD is not related to current cognitive impairment, however it has been considered for its potential role as risk factors for AD. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is defined as a self-experienced persistent decline in cognitive capacity in comparison with the subject's previously normal status, during which the subject has normal age-, gender-, and education-adjusted performance on standardized cognitive tests. Current research is focused on identifying characteristics of the early stages of AD and several concepts have been developed to that end. ![]() Identification of subjects at an early stage is crucial for therapeutic intervention and possible prevention of cognitive decline. Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a presymptomatic course which can last from several years to decades.
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